O
Obesity
The state of being 20 per cent over one's ideal weight. Or,
defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as having a
BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30 (approximately 30 pounds)
overweight. The BMI is a key for relating body weight to height
and is based on a person's weight in kg divided by their height in meters
squared. Obesity is frequently based on both behavior and
genetics and increases significantly the risk of health problems
such as Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, stroke and
certain types of cancer.
Oligomenorrhea
Infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously
normal periods.
Oligoovulation
Ovulating infrequently or irregularly. A woman usually ovulates, or releases a mature egg once a month (about halfway through her cycle). Oligoovulation is seen in women with irregular cycles, or very long cycles (more then 50 days) and makes it very difficult to track their fertile days if trying to conceive.
Oral Contraceptives
Birth control pills containing some combination of synthetic
estrogen and progestin to inhibit ovulation thereby preventing
pregnancy.
Oral Glucose Tolerance
A test to determine if blood glucose (sugar) levels are within a
normal range following a fasting state and at intervals
following ingestion of a drink containing 75 grams of glucose.
Ovarian cysts (polycystic ovaries, endometriomas, dermoid cysts,
cystadenomas, functional)
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in the ovary usually
resulting from the growth of a follicle (functional), a
fluid-filled cyst that contains an egg. Any fluid-filled sac
growing on or in the ovary.
Ovarian drilling
A laparoscopic procedure in which the ovary is punctured 4-10
times resulting in a lowering of male hormones. The treatment is
often used on women with PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome).
Ovarian Wedge Resection
A surgical treatment for PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)
whereby a section of the ovary containing cysts is removed.
Ovary
The female gonad. The ovary is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and female hormones. During each monthly menstrual cycle, an egg is released from one ovary. This egg then travels from the ovary through a fallopian tube to the uterus. The ovaries are the main source of female hormones, which control the development of female body characteristics (breasts, body shape, and body hair). These glands also regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Ovulations
The release of the egg from the ovary. The egg is released when the cavity surrounding it breaks open in response to a hormonal signal. Ovulation occurs around fourteen or fifteen days from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle. When ovulation occurs, the ovum (egg) moves into the fallopian tube and then is available for fertilization.
Oxalate
A substance found in plant foods (including many vegetables). Some women eat a low oxalate diet to treat vulvodynia.
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