PCOS
Insulin Resistance
Ingredients
Ovarian Cancer
Medication
Food Addiction
Diabetes

About PCOS

	Women's Health Information; Clomid – Womens-health.co.uk.
	Estrogen and Women's Emotions – Webmd.com.
	Insulin resistance and depression: cross sectional study – Markku Timonen, acting professor1, Mauri Laakso, senior lecturer2, Jari Jokelainen, biostatistician2, Ulla Rajala, BMJ 2005;330:17-18 (1 January), doi:10.1136/bmj.38313.513310.F71 (published 16 December 2004)
	Physicians and nurses use and recommend dietary supplements: report of a survey. – Annette Dickinson, Nicolas Boyon, Andrew Shao. Nutrition Journal 2009, 8:29, doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-29
	Depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and biochemical correlates – Rasgon NL, Rao RC, Hwang S, Altshuler LL, Elman S, Zuckerbrow-Miller J, Korenman SG, J Affect Disord 2003;74: 299-304 –
	Hyperandrogenism and Hyperinsulinism in Children of Women With PCOS. A Controlled Study. – Kent, Sarah C.; Gnatuk, Carol L.; Kunselman, Allen R.; Demers, Laurence M.; Lee, Peter A.; Legro, Richard S. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 63(10):646-647, October 2008.
	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Considerations – Marshall, Keri, Alternative Medicine Review, June, 2001. (pdf)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Bilingual Fact Sheet
– The Hormone Foundation

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): arguably the most common endocrinopathy is associated with significant morbidity in women.
– Carmina E, Lobo RA. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jun;84(6):1897-9.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
– eMedicine Detailed Information

Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
– Authors : Apridonidze T, Essah PA, Iuorno MJ, Nestler JE.

Abnormal aminotransferase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
– Schwimmer JB, Khorram O, Chiu V, Schwimmer WB., Fertil Steril 2005 Feb;83(2):494-7.

Women with PCOS at Increased Risk for Liver Disease
– Fertility and Sterility, February 2005

The Importance of Diagnosing the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
– Rogerio A. Lobo, MD and Enrico Carmina, MD

Ovarian Cysts
– Helm, C. William. Ovarian Cysts. eMedicine, December 23, 2004.

Ovarian Cysts
– The Federal Government Source for Women’s Health Information, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January, 2005.

Ovarian Cysts: What You Need to Know about Ovarian Cysts and PCOS
– Dunne, Dr. Nancy. Natural Health Solutions for PCOS, Ovarian Cysts. 2002-2005.

Ovarian Problems: PCOS, Cysts and Ovarian Cancer
– Women’s Health, 2000.

Metformin: an update
– Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR., Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jul 2;137(1):25-33. Review.

Metformin treatment of PCOS during adolescence and the reproductive period
– La Marca A, Artensio AC, Stabile G, Volpe A., Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005 Jul 1;121(1):3-7.

Metformin therapy decreases hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
– Kolodziejczyk B, Duleba AJ, Spaczynski RZ, Pawelczyk L., Fertil Steril. 2000 Jun;73(6):1149-54 .

Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo- controlled, double-blind multicentre study
– Tang T, Glanville J, Hayden CJ, White D, Barth JH, Balen AH., Hum Reprod. 2005 Sep

Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin? A note of cautious optimism
– Homburg R., Hum Reprod. 2002 Apr;17(4):853-6. Review.

Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis
– Lord JM, Flight IH, Norman RJ., BMJ. 2003 Oct 25;327(7421):951-3. Review.

Homocysteine and steroids levels in metformin treated women with polycystic ovary syndrome
– Vrbikova J, Bicikova M, Tallova J, Hill M, Starka L., Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2002 Apr;110(2):74-6

PCOSA Newsletter
– June 2005, Volume 8, Issue 1, p.9

Miscarriage and PCOS
– Dunne, Dr. Nancy, Natural Health Solutions for PCOS, Ovarian Cysts

PCOS and Miscarriage
– Glickman, Dr. Joe, Health Science Report, 1996-2005.

Miscarriage and PCOS
– Georgia Reproductive Specialists, IVF.com, 2005.

PCOS – Causes and Treatments
– Women’s Health, 2000.

Low Levels of Two Proteins Raise Miscarriage Risk.
– HealthDayNews, Feb. 11, 2004

Growth and Development
– Rogol, A.D., M.D., PhD, Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes, 2002. 9(1): p. 11-12

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence
– Driscoll, D.A., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2003. 997: p. 49-55.

Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents: is there an epidemic?
– Arslanian, S., M.D. and S.F. Witchel, M.D.,
Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes. 9(1):32-42, February 2002.

Endocrine and metabolic changes in women with polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome
– Koivunen, R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu: Finland.

Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study
– Knochenhauer, E., et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998. 83(9): p. 3078-3082.

The National Women’s Health Information Center
– 4woman.gov, 2005

Long Term Consequences of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
– Samir F. Abdel Aziz, MD, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Azhar University.

Miscarriage and PCOS
– Georgia Reproductive Specialists, IVF.com, 2005

Viewpoints on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Viewpoints on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

"Macrosomia."
– EMedicine.com, 2005

Prevalence of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome in lesbian women compared with heterosexual women.
– Agrawal R, Sharma S, Bekir J, Conway G, Bailey J, Balen AH, Prelevic G., Fertil Steril. 2004 Nov;82(5):1352-7.

Evidence for association between polycystic ovary syndrome and premature carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged women
– Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Nov;20(11):2414-21. PMID: 11073846.

Two Challenges in Women's Healthcare: Sleep Disorders and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
– Lynch JS, Medscape.

PCOS Health Risks
– Ehrman DA, Rosenfield RL, Imperial J, Rue A, The University of Chicago Medical Center Website.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance
– Vgontzas AN, Legro RS, Bixler EO, Grayev A, Kales A, Chrousos GP. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):517-20, PMID: 11158002.

Insulin Sensitivity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
– Vrbikova and associates, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004. PMID: 15181081

Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome:
Relationship with Insulin Resistance and Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation
– Tarkun et al., The Endocrinology Journal, October 2004

Predictors of Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
– Kravariti and colleagues The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2005.

Hysterectomy
– The National Women's Health Information Center

Hysterectomy: Surgery to remove your uterus
– MayoClinic.com. 2006.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - Surgery
– YahooHealth.com.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
– Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. 2004.

Endometrium in PCOS: Implantation and predisposition to endocrine CA
– Giudice LC, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;20(2):235-44.

PCOS Strongly Linked to Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Thyroid function tests advised in PCOS - Prevalence is Fourfold Higher
– Bruce Jancin, OB/GYN News. Oct 1, 2001.

Thyroid hormone
– Wikipedia.org.

Subclinical hypothyroidism: a determinant of polycystic ovary syndrome
–Ghosh, S et al, Horm Res, 1993, 39(1-2):61-6

Over 13 Million Americans with Thyroid Disease Remain Undiagnosed
– American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. January 2003

International Position Paper on Women's Health and Menopause
– National heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Office of Research on Womens Health, NIH and Giovanni and Lorenzi Medical Science Foundation, NIH publication No. 02-3284 July 2002.

Menopause / PCOS: Estrogen Loss and Aging
– Perloe M, Redmond G, European Menopause and Andropause Society

Managing the Symptoms of PCOS
– Futterweit, W., The Healthology.org website

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Considerations
– Marshall K, ND candidate 2001, Altern Med Rev 2001;6(3): 272-292.

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
– Talbott E; Guzick D; Clerici A; Berga S; Detre K; Weimer K; Kuller L.; Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 1995;15:821-826.

Cortisol Levels, Thyroid Function and Aging: How Cortisol Levels Affect Thyroid Function and Aging
– Interview with David Zava, Ph.D.

The Ins and Outs of Insulin Resistance
– International Food Information Council, May/June 2000.

About Insulin Resistance

Insulin Resistance – Risk of Early Heart Disease
– Reuters Aug 9, 2001

"I have been studying Insulin Resistance and have been doing quite a bit of research on this subject. I really am impressed by your site as well as the sound of your products to treat this syndrome."

- Carrie Power, APN

Elko, NV

Alternative Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes
– Lucy Dey MD, Chun-Su Yuan MD PHD

Relationship between Insulin Resistance, weight loss and coronary heart disease risk in healthy, obese women
– McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Kim HS, Lamendola C, Schaaf P, Reaven G. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA

Ingredients

About Cinnamon

Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes.
- Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA.
  Diabetes Care. 2003 Dec;26(12):3215-8.

About Saw Palmetto

Science and Research for Insulite PCOS System

Botanical name: Serenoa repens (also: Sabal serrulata, Dwarfpalm) Active constituent: liposterolic extract of the fruit (standardized 85% fatty acids)

Reduces di-hydrotestosterone (DHT) via reducing 5 alpha reductase
Inhibits type I and type II 5-alpha-reductase enzymes which decreases DHT production
Inhibits the binding of DHT to its cell receptors
- Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1988; 67 (5): 397-9.
Liposterolic extract inhibited formation of all testosterone metabolites in cultures
- J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Dec; 55 (3-4): 375-83.
Decreases androgen metabolism in rats
- Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Aug: 250 (1-2): 21-6.
Efficacy is as useful as Finasteride over 6 months in interference of binding with 5AR
- Altern Med Rev. 1998 Jun: 3(3): 227-9
Saw palmetto may be helpful in another way. A high level of estrogen may inhibit the elimination of DHT. Some women with PCOS have estrogen levels that are too high. Saw Palmetto is reported to have an anti-estrogenic effect, thus helping with the removal of DHT
- Eur Urol 1992; 21 (4): 309-14.

About Flax Seed

PCOD FLAX SEED NUTRITION

Concentrated source of phytoestrogens/lignans
Botanical Name: Linum usitatissium
Active constituent: (diadzen, genestein)
non GMO

Inhibits the conversion of Testosterone to DHT
- Journ Clin. Endo and Metab 1998 Vol. 83, No. 7. : 2223-2334.
Phytoestrogens are both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic due to their competition with endogenous estrogen for receptor binding.
- Journ Clin. Endo and Metab 1998 Vol. 83, No. 7. : 2223-2334.
- Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Clinical Review 97: Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens; a review of the clinical, epidemiological and mechanistic evidence.
  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2223-2235
Stimulates SHBG
- Journ Clin. Endo and Metab 2000 Vol. 85, No. 8. : 2797-2800.
- Journ Clin. Endo and Metab 1998 Vol. 83, No. 7. : 2223-2334.
- Aldercreutz, H, Loukovaara, M. 1995 Regulation of sex-hormone-binding globulin production by isoflavonoids and patterns of isoflavonoid conjugation in HepG2 cell cultures.
  Steroids. 60: 656-661.
- Mousavi Y, Aldercreutz, H. 1993 Genistein is an effective stimulator of sex-hormone-binding globulin production in hepatocarcinoma human liver cancer cells and suppresses proliferation of these cells in culture.
  Steroids. 58: 301-304.
- Aldercreutz H, Hockerstedt, K. Bannwart, C, et al. 1987 Effect of dietary components, including lignans and phytoestrogens, on enterohepatic circulation and liver metabolism of estrogens and on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).
  J Steriod Biochem. 27: 1135-1144.
- Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Clinical Review 97: Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens; a review of the clinical, epidemiological and mechanistic evidence.
  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2223-2235.
Reduces mammary tumor growth
Lowers lipid profile
- Journ Clin. Endo and Metab 1998 Vol. 83, No. 7. : 2223-2334.

About Stinging Nettle

Botanical Name: Urtica Dioica 300 mg (total daily dose)
Active Constituent: lectins, phenols, sterols and lignans
(preparation: root)
Increases SHBG

Lignans displace hormones from SHBG site
- Rosner, W. The functions of corticosteroid-binding globulin: recent advances.
  Endocr Rev 1990: 11:80-91.
Hormones may inhibit binding of SHBG to it’s receptor which increases SHBG
- Rosner, W. The functions of corticosteroid-binding globulin: recent advances.
  Endocr Rev 1990: 11:80-91.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Considerations.
  Alt Med Rev Vol 6, Number 3, 2001: 272-292.

About Vitex

Botanical Name: Vitex agnus-castus
Active Constituent: aspigenin
Adaptogenic to anterior pituitary, regulates LH release

Balances corpus luteum insufficiency
- Gorkow, C, Effectiveness of Vitex Agnus-castus preparations;
  Wien Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(15-16):364-72.
- Weiss, RF Herbal Medication, Beaconsfield Pub., Beaconsfield England 1988, 1st Edition, pp. 317.
Improves symptoms associated with PMS
- Wuttke, W. Chast tree- pharmacology and clinical indications.
  Phytomedicine 2003 May; 10 (4): 348-57.
- Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective , randomized, placebo, controlled study.
  BMJ 2001 January 20: 322 (7279):134-137.

About Milk Thistle

Botanical Name: Silybum marianum
Active Constituents: silymarin, silibinin

Antiproliferative effects on androgen responsive prostate cells
- Zi X, Zhang J. , Agarwal, R., Pollak, M. Silibinin up-regulates insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 expression and inhibits proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
  Cancer Research 2000 Oct 15: 60 (20): 5617-20.
Silymarin affects hyperinsulinemia
- Velussi, M, Cernigoi, AM., et al., Long-term (12 months) treatment with anti-oxidant drug (silymarin) is effective on hyperinsulinemia, exogenous insulin need and malondialdehyde levels in cirrhotic patients.
  J Hepatol 1997 Apr; 26 (4): 871-9.

About Vanadium

Effect of vanadium on insulin sensitivity and appetite.
- Wang J, Yuen VG, McNeill JH.
  Metabolism. 2001 Jun;50(6):667-73.
Effect of vanadium(IV) compounds in the treatment of diabetes: in vivo and in vitro studies with vanadyl sulfate and bis(maltolato)oxovandium(IV).
- Willsky GR, Goldfine AB, Kostyniak PJ, McNeill JH, Yang LQ, Khan HR, Crans DC.
  J Inorg Biochem. 2001 May;85(1):33-42.
Vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
- Cusi K, Cukier S, DeFronzo RA, Torres M, Puchulu FM, Redondo JC.
  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1410-7.
Effect of long-term treatment with vanadate in drinking water on KK mice with genetic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
- Ding W, Hasegawa T, Hosaka H, Peng D, Takahashi K, Seko Y.
  Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 May;80(2):159-74.
Metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate in humans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: in vivo and in vitro studies.
- Goldfine AB, Patti ME, Zuberi L, Goldstein BJ, LeBlanc R, Landaker EJ, Jiang ZY, Willsky GR, Kahn CR.
  Metabolism. 2000 Mar;49(3):400-10.
Vanadium and diabetes.
- Poucheret P, Verma S, Grynpas MD, McNeill JH.
  Mol Cell Biochem. 1998 Nov;188(1-2):73-80.

About Chromium

PCOS SYSTEM FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE

Overproduction of insulin in the chromium-deficient rat.
- Striffler JS, Polansky MM, Anderson RA.
  Metabolism. 1999 Aug;48(8):1063-8.
Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes.
- Anderson RA.
  Diabetes Metab. 2000 Feb;26(1):22-7.
Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans.
- Anderson RA., Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans.
  Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;26(1 Pt 2):S35-41.
- Mertz W., Chromium in human nutrition: a review.
  J Nutr. 1993 Apr;123(4):626-33.

About Magnesium

Magnesium in diabetes mellitus.
- de Valk HW.
  Neth J Med. 1999 Apr;54(4):139-46.
Low dietary magnesium is associated with Insulin Resistance in a sample of young, nondiabetic Black Americans.
- Humphries S, Kushner H, Falkner B.
  Am J Hypertens. 1999 Aug;12(8 Pt 1):747-56.
Effects of insulin on plasma magnesium in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for Insulin Resistance.
- Alzaid AA, Dinneen SF, Moyer TP, Rizza RA.
  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Apr;80(4):1376-81.

About Alpha Lipoic Acid

Lipoic acid acutely induces hypoglycemia in fasting nondiabetic and diabetic rats.
- Khamaisi M, Rudich A, Potashnik R, Tritschler HJ, Gutman A, Bashan N.
  Metabolism. 1999 Apr;48(4):504-10.
Engagement of the insulin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of glucose transport by alpha-lipoic acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
- Yaworsky K, Somwar R, Ramlal T, Tritschler HJ, Klip A.
  Diabetologia. 2000 Mar;43(3):294-303.
Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in Germany: current evidence from clinical trials.
- Ziegler D, Reljanovic M, Mehnert H, Gries FA.
  Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999;107(7):421-30.
Alpha-lipoic acid: effect on glucose uptake, sorbitol pathway, and energy metabolism in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
- Kishi Y, Schmelzer JD, Yao JK, Zollman PJ, Nickander KK, Tritschler HJ, Low PA.
  Diabetes. 1999 Oct;48(10):2045-51.
Alpha-lipoic acid: a multifunctional antioxidant that improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Evans JL, Goldfine ID.
  Diabetes Technol Ther. 2000 Autumn;2(3):401-13.

About Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Cancer.
- Garcia, Agustin A., M.D.,
  eMedicine, December 21, 2004.
"What Do PCOS and Ovarian Cancer Have In Common?"
- Dunne, Dr. Nancy,
  Natural Health Solutions for PCOS, January 22, 2003.
Insulin Resistance and Breast-Cancer Risk.
- Bruning, PF; Bonfrer, JM; van Noord, PA; Hart AA; de Jong-Bakker M; Nooijen WJ.,
  Int. J. Cancer. 1992 Oct 21; 52(4):511-6.
Causes of infertility as predictors of subsequent cancer risk.
- Brinton LA, Westhoff CL, Scoccia B et al.
  Epidemiology 2005 Jul;16(4):500-7.

Medication

Gene Variation Predicts Response to Treatment in Common Infertility Disorder
- Robert Bock, Marianne Glass Miller.
  National Institutes of Health, March 27, 2008.

Food Addiction

New Food-Addiction Link Found
- Nora Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang.
  Brookhaven National Laboratory, May 20, 2002.

Diabetes

Hypothesis: the 'metabolic memory', the new challenge of diabetes
- Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Ceriello A.Diabet Med.
  2007 Jun;24(6):582-6. Epub 2007 May 8.